The Hertzberg Theory of the Motivation Are the Hygiene Factors

Question: How Hertzberg Theory Of The Motivation Is The Hygiene Factors? Answer: Introducation: The key ideas of the Hertzberg hypothesis of the inspiration are the cleanliness factors and the sparks factors. Such key elements are answerable for the activity fulfillment and furthermore brings about the activity disappointment (chapman, 2017). The cleanliness factor of the hypothesis relies upon how the approaches of the association work, oversight of the representatives by the chiefs and the connection between the representatives with this the working conditions, compensation, status, and security of the representatives in an association additionally matters as the cleanliness factors (chapman, 2017). Hertzberg hypothesis of inspiration: The persuasive components help to yield the positive fulfillment among the representatives and such factors are characteristic for work. Inspirational variables persuade the workers for acting in a prevalent manner in an association and are therefore known as the satisfiers. Such inspirational elements are associated with the presentation of the activity and find such factors as inherently fulfilling. Inspirational components represent the mental needs that are to be seen as the advantageous advantage (chapman, 2017). Inspirational elements incorporate the acknowledgment, accomplishment, special chances and development, obligation and work. The workers are to be perceived and adulated for their endeavors which are made for accomplishing the authoritative objectives and destinations. The feeling of accomplishment among the representatives relies upon the activity. Self propelled representatives act in a superior manner for accomplishing the authoritative goals. The special and the dev elopment exercises likewise inspire the worker and help to play out their errands in the better way (Furnham, Eracleous and Chamorro?Premuzic, 2009). An awareness of other's expectations additionally inspires the representatives towards their employments it is the duty of the bosses to give their subordinates the responsibility for work which may limit the control yet thus, holds the responsibility. The sparks to perform likewise incorporates the intriguing, testing and the important which itself spurs the workers to act in a superior manner (Michaelson, 2005). Hertzberg hypothesis of inspiration for persuading the representatives working in a cheap food chain industry: It is accepted that for genuinely rousing the representatives business requires such conditions which cause the workers to feel satisfied in the work environment. The cheap food binds mean to persuade the representatives by focusing on the both the cleanliness and inspirational components of the Hertzberg hypothesis of inspiration. The chains can persuade and engages the representatives through the ideal and the fitting correspondences and giving the solid condition working society to the workers (Furnham, Eracleous and Chamorro?Premuzic, 2009). The equivalent duties are to be appointed to the workers with the contribution of the staff in the dynamic. The chain can hold the gathering each year where the staff can be a piece of the conversation. The representatives are to be perceived for their work and are to be compensated for the work done by them. Law of Requisite Variety: This law of Requisite Variety is otherwise called the Only assortment assimilates assortment and is the most significant law of the control. The assortment of Regulators helps in viewing the assortment of the framework that controls it and is known an Ashbys Law (Godsiff, 2010). The significant administration computer science relies upon the way that the main assortment ingests assortment. The law builds up an understanding that the main framework has the essential assortment on the off chance that it must match the assortment of the System it directs. This is called Ashby's Law. The greater part of Management Cybernetics relies upon the way that solitary assortment ingests assortment. The law lets us know thata framework just has imperative assortment if its range the reactions at any rate as large as the quantity of various upgrades experiencing in the earth. The authoritative framework without the imperative assortment will in general fall flat at whatever point experiences the un predicted and the not practical framework (Godsiff, 2010). For instance in a business where the association is having the constrained arrangement of reactions can't respond towards the unanticipated improvements for changes in the economic situations. The law of essential assortment is important for the changing idea of the associations and for the goals compelling and proficient in the present authority. The law encourages the association to be versatile and adaptable towards the business condition and to control their destiny of achievement. In the nonattendance, the association might be exposed to the expanding assortment (Kalina, 2011). This law go about as the controller for controlling and changing the framework and the necessity of the association according to the difficult condition. By structuring the system, for example, group and useful procedure in the association according to the law of imperative for coordinating the authoritative unpredictability and is trusted that the unforeseen shocks in an association can be limited and the data identified with the issues of the corporate administration would stream in the smooth and convenient way in the more significant level of the association (Kalina, 2011). The non use of the law in an association will bring about the corporate danger with giving the inward procedures towards the corporate hazard and may hurt the corporate administration with expanding authoritative powerlessness with disappointment in the various procedures of the association (Poulis and Poulis, 2015). Thus, according to the Ashby law, the assortment of control framework or the controllers must be equivalent to the distinctive circumstance that will be directed (Poulis and Poulis, 2015). Thus the darkness and unpredictability in the association increment, with the multifaceted nature and decent variety of securing of organization data and administrative control. End: Such inspirational variables increment the degree of the representative execution in an association with their responsibility towards the working environment. These components go about as the significant components of the workplace they don't expand the fulfillment level, however there nonattendance may bring about the disappointment. Henceforth the cleanliness and the inspirations are huge for an association for accomplishing the authoritative objectives and targets. The subsequent action examined the Law of Requisite Variety which clarifies that the level of a companys appropriate ecological trouble is to be facilitated by the identical level of inner intricacy all together for endurance in the present serious market. Such thought is to fit between an association and nature is one of the most enduring thoughts in the field of association hypothesis. References chapman, a. (2017).frederick herzberg inspirational hypothesis, helpers, and cleanliness factors, free herzberg graphs. [online] Businessballs.com. Accessible at: https://www.businessballs.com/herzberg.htm [Accessed 3 May 2017]. Furnham, An., Eracleous, A. furthermore, Chamorro?Premuzic, T. (2009). Character, inspiration and employment fulfillment: Hertzberg meets the Big Five.Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(8), pp.765-779. Godsiff, P. (2010). Administration Systems and Requisite Variety.Service Science, 2(1-2), pp.92-101. Kalina, J. (2011). Law of imperative assortment: an instance of IT and business alignment.Journal of Systems Integration, 2, pp.47-53. Michaelson, C. (2005). Significant Motivation for Work Motivation Theory.Academy of Management Review, 30(2), pp.235-238. Poulis, K. what's more, Poulis, E. (2015). Problematizing Fit and Survival: Transforming the Law of Requisite Variety Through Complexity Misalignment.Academy of Management Review, 41(3), pp.503-527.

My School Essay

School is a sanctuary of learning and a preparation ground for future residents. The name of my school is Penang Chinese Girls High School. It was set up in 19-a by a land-master in our general vicinity. He gave land and cash for the school. The climate where our school is arranged is extremely wonderful. It is encircled by a major field on one side and a little nursery with blossoms on the other. The school has three columns of enormous structures. The name of the school is composed on the front structure. There are numerous study halls in the front structure. Different rooms in the back structure are utilized for various purposes, for example, the Head Master’s Office, Library, the Clerk’s Office, the Science Laboratory, the Teachers’ Common-room, the N. C. C. what's more, and so on. There are 80 instructor, a particular educator for custodians, a representative and a few peons in our school. All the instructors are qualified and experienced. The Head Master is a scholarly woman,she tackled issues of the students productively. The complete number of understudies of our school is about 20thousand hundred. We go to class in uniform,our school consisits of young ladies only,therefore young ladies wear blue skirt and white pullover. The school capacities from for 2 meetings. During the break hour we go to the flask to unwind and appreciate some mouth-watering food. A few understudies additionally go to library and read paper there. In games period we play badminton, volley ball, and so on. Young lady understudies play ring ball as well. The library of our school is a medium one. There are around 2,000 books on various subjects; we didn't have a library period in our week by week routine,so we get books from our library and discount them following seven days in our available time. We watch the Republic Day, the Independence Day, the Teacher’s Day in our school. We likewise hold banter rivalries and games and sports each year. The school magazine is distributed each year. In yearly assessments the understudies from our school show splendid execution. Numerous understudies from this school have involved superb situation in our state. Our school consistently holds book reasonable for understudies to get an opportunity to investigate the benefits of perusing. This year an old style educator from our school resigned officially. The order, the investigation air and the splendid scholarly consequence of our school pull in numerous worthy understudies from far off pieces of our state. It is a perfect school in all regards.

Best Apps for College Students

Best Apps for College Students Simple Apps to Help Streamline University Life Simple Apps to Help Streamline University Life University life is a series of highs and lows hopefully many more of the former than the latter. Managing schedules, writing papers, working in a few shifts a week at a part time job, studying, reading, managing money, keeping up with family and other interpersonal relationships you might finish your degree and find yourself asking “how did I manage to keep all of those balls in the air at the same time?” Outsourcing some of your university life to technology For generations, people had no other choice but to try to tackle everything manually. Pen and paper were the main component of most students’ arsenal, and if you weren’t paying attention during a lecture, well, your only alternative was to try and find time to speak to a professor during office hours. Luckily, in the digital era, technology can do a lot of the work for us. Below are some of the most useful apps for life at university. Apps for organization A lot of studies have been done on the various personality traits that are predictive of success in university. Among them are executive functioning skills like time management and organization. In fact, in a Canadian Journal of Higher Education study, 73.7% of study participants indicated that time management, planning, and preparation were the most important attributes for achieving academic success. Being organized requires planning, and dedication, but thankfully modern technological advancements mean we don’t have to take on the burden of organization all by ourselves. One such organizational app is Fetchnotes. This app lets you assign hashtags to your notes and thoughts, thereby allowing you to organize everything you need to do in a given time frame. For instance, you might assign an “exam” tag to everything having to do with an upcoming exam, and you might assign a “read” hashtag to all of your assigned readings for a given day of the week. This is a free app for iPhone, iPad, and Android devices. Apps for social media downtime A 2014 study from researchers at Baylor University found that college students spent, on average, between eight and ten hours per day on their cell phones. That same study presented self-reported data which concluded that roughly sixty percent of college students are ‘addicted’ to their cell phones, and that cell phones, almost invariably, end up becoming a major distraction during lectures, or from important, often intellectually demanding tasks. While it is certainly popular, and quite easy to rail against cell phones and social media, they are, for the vast majority of people in the West, a fact of life. In fact you would likely be hard pressed to find a university or college student on campus anywhere in the developed world that didn’t have a state of the art smart phone in their pocket at all times. While having and using a smartphone may be unavoidable, deciding when and what you use it for can still be within your control. Apps like SelfControl are great options for people who find that their work ethic, and attention span suffers because of their cell phone (particularly social media addiction). SelfControl allows you to block websites of your choosing for a set amount of time, so that you are not tempted by your phone when you really should be doing something more productive with your time. Budget Apps Part of the university experience, for many people, means learning to manage money. For a lucky few, money is no object. Family wealth has underwritten their university experience, and rent, grocery, textbook, even spending money is just a phone call or text away. While that is not to look down upon families who can afford to do these things, the average Joe or Jane struggling to make their way through university life needs to be able to handle their finances responsibly, or risk having to go without. If you are new to managing your own money, or have struggled with doing so in the past, there are a number of great apps out there that can help make the task easier. One such app is My Weekly Budget. This is not a free app ($1.49 for iPhone/iPad; $0.99 for Android), but it is a useful one. My Weekly Budget allows you to set weekly budgets, and then monitor your spending to ensure that you do not go over what you have decided you can afford. Every time you spend, the app shows you what percentage of your weekly budget you are using up, how much you’ve spent in total, and how much more you can afford to spend based on your preset amount. It is astonishing how much easier it is to keep to a budget when you are reminded of what you are spending, and how much of your allotted budget a given expenditure is eating up. Document storage Document storage is one of those things that many people struggle with. You write a paper, turn it in, then consign it to the desktop for the rest of eternity. The only problem is, your computer can crash. Things that used to be in one file folder, can accidentally get transferred to a different one. Files can become corrupted and unreadable, resulting in lost work hours, even entire weeks’ worth of work. Luckily, Google Drive is here for us. Google Drive, while quite well-known and well-used, is something a lot of university students aren’t overly familiar with. During high school, Microsoft Office for Mac and PC is typically the method most people use to write and store documents. However, many people in the professional world, particularly for jobs that involve people and teams in disparate locations, utilize Google Drive. Google Drive is a cloud storage platform that allows you to write and store 15 free gigabytes worth of documents, presentations, excel sheets, forms, and drawings in which you never have to worry about losing any of it. What’s more is that you can quickly and easily search your Google Drive for documents you have previously been working on, assign them to folders, and share them with friends, colleagues, professors, and group project members. Sometimes, despite your best efforts, there is simply not enough time in a day to get through everything on your plate. When university life seems insurmountable, and time is a precious commodity with conflicting demands, professional essay writing services like Homework Help Global offer academic quality writing to help make university life a little more bearable. References: (2018). “Ten Great Apps for Uni Students.” The Good Universities Guide.” Retrieved from: ten-great-apps-for-uni-students Stelnicki, A.M. et al. (2015). “Who is the Successful University Student? An Analysis of Personal Resources.” Canadian Journal of Higher Education 45(2): 214-228. Retrieved from: journals.sfu.ca/cjhe/index.php/cjhe/article/download/184491/pdf_21 Wood, J. (2014). “College Students in Study Spend 8 to 10 hours Daily on Cell Phone.” Psych Central. Retrived from: Best Apps for College Students Simple Apps to Help Streamline University Life Simple Apps to Help Streamline University Life University life is a series of highs and lows hopefully many more of the former than the latter. Managing schedules, writing papers, working in a few shifts a week at a part time job, studying, reading, managing money, keeping up with family and other interpersonal relationships you might finish your degree and find yourself asking “how did I manage to keep all of those balls in the air at the same time?” Outsourcing some of your university life to technology For generations, people had no other choice but to try to tackle everything manually. Pen and paper were the main component of most students’ arsenal, and if you weren’t paying attention during a lecture, well, your only alternative was to try and find time to speak to a professor during office hours. Luckily, in the digital era, technology can do a lot of the work for us. Below are some of the most useful apps for life at university. Apps for organization A lot of studies have been done on the various personality traits that are predictive of success in university. Among them are executive functioning skills like time management and organization. In fact, in a Canadian Journal of Higher Education study, 73.7% of study participants indicated that time management, planning, and preparation were the most important attributes for achieving academic success. Being organized requires planning, and dedication, but thankfully modern technological advancements mean we don’t have to take on the burden of organization all by ourselves. One such organizational app is Fetchnotes. This app lets you assign hashtags to your notes and thoughts, thereby allowing you to organize everything you need to do in a given time frame. For instance, you might assign an “exam” tag to everything having to do with an upcoming exam, and you might assign a “read” hashtag to all of your assigned readings for a given day of the week. This is a free app for iPhone, iPad, and Android devices. Apps for social media downtime A 2014 study from researchers at Baylor University found that college students spent, on average, between eight and ten hours per day on their cell phones. That same study presented self-reported data which concluded that roughly sixty percent of college students are ‘addicted’ to their cell phones, and that cell phones, almost invariably, end up becoming a major distraction during lectures, or from important, often intellectually demanding tasks. While it is certainly popular, and quite easy to rail against cell phones and social media, they are, for the vast majority of people in the West, a fact of life. In fact you would likely be hard pressed to find a university or college student on campus anywhere in the developed world that didn’t have a state of the art smart phone in their pocket at all times. While having and using a smartphone may be unavoidable, deciding when and what you use it for can still be within your control. Apps like SelfControl are great options for people who find that their work ethic, and attention span suffers because of their cell phone (particularly social media addiction). SelfControl allows you to block websites of your choosing for a set amount of time, so that you are not tempted by your phone when you really should be doing something more productive with your time. Budget Apps Part of the university experience, for many people, means learning to manage money. For a lucky few, money is no object. Family wealth has underwritten their university experience, and rent, grocery, textbook, even spending money is just a phone call or text away. While that is not to look down upon families who can afford to do these things, the average Joe or Jane struggling to make their way through university life needs to be able to handle their finances responsibly, or risk having to go without. If you are new to managing your own money, or have struggled with doing so in the past, there are a number of great apps out there that can help make the task easier. One such app is My Weekly Budget. This is not a free app ($1.49 for iPhone/iPad; $0.99 for Android), but it is a useful one. My Weekly Budget allows you to set weekly budgets, and then monitor your spending to ensure that you do not go over what you have decided you can afford. Every time you spend, the app shows you what percentage of your weekly budget you are using up, how much you’ve spent in total, and how much more you can afford to spend based on your preset amount. It is astonishing how much easier it is to keep to a budget when you are reminded of what you are spending, and how much of your allotted budget a given expenditure is eating up. Document storage Document storage is one of those things that many people struggle with. You write a paper, turn it in, then consign it to the desktop for the rest of eternity. The only problem is, your computer can crash. Things that used to be in one file folder, can accidentally get transferred to a different one. Files can become corrupted and unreadable, resulting in lost work hours, even entire weeks’ worth of work. Luckily, Google Drive is here for us. Google Drive, while quite well-known and well-used, is something a lot of university students aren’t overly familiar with. During high school, Microsoft Office for Mac and PC is typically the method most people use to write and store documents. However, many people in the professional world, particularly for jobs that involve people and teams in disparate locations, utilize Google Drive. Google Drive is a cloud storage platform that allows you to write and store 15 free gigabytes worth of documents, presentations, excel sheets, forms, and drawings in which you never have to worry about losing any of it. What’s more is that you can quickly and easily search your Google Drive for documents you have previously been working on, assign them to folders, and share them with friends, colleagues, professors, and group project members. Sometimes, despite your best efforts, there is simply not enough time in a day to get through everything on your plate. When university life seems insurmountable, and time is a precious commodity with conflicting demands, professional essay writing services like Homework Help Global offer academic quality writing to help make university life a little more bearable. References: (2018). “Ten Great Apps for Uni Students.” The Good Universities Guide.” Retrieved from: ten-great-apps-for-uni-students Stelnicki, A.M. et al. (2015). “Who is the Successful University Student? An Analysis of Personal Resources.” Canadian Journal of Higher Education 45(2): 214-228. Retrieved from: journals.sfu.ca/cjhe/index.php/cjhe/article/download/184491/pdf_21 Wood, J. (2014). “College Students in Study Spend 8 to 10 hours Daily on Cell Phone.” Psych Central. Retrived from:

Dinosaur Word Search, Vocabulary, Crossword and More

Analysis Of The Play A Doll s House - 1410 Words

The period of the nineteenth century until the twentieth century was viewed as a patriarchal male society and female dependence; women had to obey men because in most cases men held all the resources and women had no independent means of subsistence. Women were solely controlled by the society crafted by men and expected to act as a feminine ideal of that period, in addition, women were supposed to live a highly restrictive life with their life centered round their husband and subsequently their children. Although, women were supposed to be treated with respect by men, most men viewed women as weak and having no ability to perform any task. In the play â€Å"A Doll’s House† the character Nora shows how these expectations affect her behavior which reflect her desire to change the traditional gender roles in the demanding society she was obligated to adhere to. When a couple got married in this period her property was now her husband’s and as a result, married wome n were barred from making contracts, appearing as witnesses in court, and initiating lawsuits. Nora like the wives of her time had to subject to her husband and Nora is often treated as a superior servant not as an equal; therefore, she lives without self-identity and gender equality. At the beginning of the play, Nora appears to be a silly, naive, childish girl, but then the reader learns that she has made a great sacrifice to save her husband s life by borrowing money. Nora acts this way because that is how her husbandShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Doll s House As A Feminist Play985 Words   |  4 PagesDoll’s House as a feminist Play Is A Doll s House a feminist play? Ibsen disputes the notion that his play is female-centered claiming that it was more of liberation, which is presented, in a more general, human sense. 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Equally, Ibsen’s play, A Doll House makes an extensive use of symbols which does not only make the play captivating but also enables the reader to get a deeper understanding of the underlining ideasRead MoreSymbolism Of A Doll House By Henrik Ibsen937 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in A Doll House In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, the play is framed around symbolism and its irony. Symbolism throughout the play acts as a subliminal foreshadowing, each individually hinting at the impending end. The irony is continually represented through Ibsen’s play between perception and reality - perception being the evident meaning of each symbol and reality, being the ironic opposite connotation exclusively in Nora and Torvald’s situation. 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Equally, Ibsen’s play, A Doll House makes an extensive use of symbols which does not only make the play captivating but also enables the reader to get a deeper understanding of the underlining ideas. Indeed, Symbolism is a literary device that is evident throughout Ibsen s play. Examples of symbolism in the play include the Christmas tree, the images ofRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House944 Words   |  4 PagesMy character analysis is based on Nora and Torvald Helmer and the progression of their relationship from the play â€Å"A Doll’s House† by Henrik Ibsen. Both Torvald and Nora Helmer played as major characters but were flat and static in the beginning. Nora with her childlike and submissive behavior toward her husband of eight years and Torvald with a stereotypical point of view. Developing this trait as a child from her father Nora believed this was an acceptable behavior for her marriage. And TorvaldRead MoreAnalysis Of Nora Helmer s A Doll s House 841 Words   |  4 PagesBrennan1 John.Brennan Lisa Wall English Composition II 29 March 2015 Knowing about Nora Helmer From the beginning of A Doll’s House play, Nora Helmer appears to a obedient wife. She doesn t seem to mind when her husband, Torvald, calls her his little squirrel, his little lark, and a featherhead, (1.5-1.16).And more than that, she seems to enjoy and even play into it. She shows also a generous behavior, by giving a good tip to the porter and buying a lot of Christmas presents. The love ofRead MoreToys Are Not Pop Out Of The Womb With Ideas Of Gender Roles797 Words   |  4 PagesThrough the analysis different toys, it is evident that toys are being used to reinforce social structures such as gender roles, male dominance and gender stereotypes to children, thus socializing them into gender social structures. 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Challenges Facing Managers in Change Process Free Essays

string(34) " overloaded with that task alone\." There are change management models and research still relevant for the 21st Century. The problem however is not with their relevance or their worth, the problem and challenge facing organizational leaders, organizational development experts and researchers relate to the speed and complexity of change required today. (Mildred Golden Pryor, Sonia Taneja, John Humphreys, Donna Anderson, Liza Singleton – Challenges facing change management 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges Facing Managers in Change Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today, change is constant and organization leaders who anticipate change rapidly and responsibly are successful. However, organizational leaders who anticipate change and invent the future are even more successful because those who invent the game are the leaders in their industry, however there are other organizations that are just followers and adapt to change while there are those that do not even survive. According to MTD Training of 2010, in business, change means moving from one way of doing things to another way of doing them. Not every change has to be managed; every organization will need to make a decision about whether or not to employ change management strategies based, in part on how much risk would be associated with not doing so. Change management is an approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations to a desired future state. It is to make something different. You can cause something to change, or you can bring change upon yourself. (Mildred et al, 2008) The process of change impacts on the whole organization and on all individuals working there. Change processes majorly influence: what the organization does, the way the organization does things, the way all business units of the organization communicate and share information, (Problems in Managing Change, Oliver Recklies). This is the manager’s challenge to make things work. Human resource management has an important role in any change process. Change always needs people: for developing objectives, for identifying the need for change, for developing solutions and for implementing these solutions. Technology can support and influence change, but it can never replace people. Still people are to operate the machines, make and implement decisions, not technology or machines. Another challenge of managing change is that there is no chance to ‘undo’ mistakes once they were made. If you allocate resources in an inefficient way, you still have the option to provide additional resources in order to achieve your objective, but there might be wasted resources due to misallocation. If you once failed to make your employees participate in the change process, motivate them into accepting the changes, you will hardly be able to motivate them again. The figure below shows clearly the complexity and scope of change management: Managing change is a challenge that involves coordinating different areas in the organization and the Human Resource has to help employees own the changes alongside quality management, project management, corporate development and usually with a lot to do in Information Technology to have a new, changed organization. Planning and managing change, both cultural and technological, is one of the most challenging elements of a manager’s job (Prosci, Neutralizing change threats in the New Year, 2008). Despite these challenges, managers need to be aware that organizations change in a number of dimensions that often relate to one another and can take any direction in the organization. These dimensions include †¢Extent of planning: Although experts differ about how much change can be planned, managers still need to take steps to set up conditions that permit and even encourage change to occur. Degree of change: Changes may be incremental (relatively small, involving fine?tuning processes and behaviors within just one system or level of the organization) or quantum (significant change altering how a company operates). †¢Degree of learning: This dimension relates to the degree to which organizational members are actively involved in learning how to plan and implement change while helping s olve an existing problem. †¢Target of change: Organizational change programs can vary with respect to the hierarchical level or functional area of which the change is targeted. Some changes are designed to influence top management and assist them in becoming stronger leaders. Other change programs may involve basic learning, such as customer services techniques for lower level employees. †¢Organization’s structure: If it is very stiff and bureaucratic, there may be a need for emphasis on policies, procedures, and rules. Some organizations are very stiff and bureaucratic and may need to â€Å"loosen up. † Other organizations may suffer from lack of organization structure. They may need to emphasize policies, procedures, and rules. Regardless of which forces that cause organizations to see the need for change, organizational leaders, including managers, continue to struggle to maintain or increase their company’ competitive advantage as rapid changes occur from both the external and internal environments. One of the challenges managers face is successfully implementing initiatives that will lead to change and reactions to the fairness of the change implementation, specifically whether the implementation process was handled fairly or not. Cobb et al – 1995) A 2007 benchmarking study â€Å"Best Practices in Change Management† identified poor support and alignment with middle management as one of the big challenges in managing change. This followed other factors considered as obstacles to change including; ineffective sponsorship and resistance from employees. Managers may resist change and this implies not effectively supporting their employees through change. One of the main culprits for thi s obstacle is the manager dilemma. The manager dilemma is a result of two forces at work on managers and supervisors during times of organizational change. First, managers and supervisors are themselves being impacted by the change and they must embrace, internalize and adopt the change to their own work. Second, they must support their employees during the change as well, helping them to embrace and adopt the new solution. During changes in the organization, the managers are often wearing both the â€Å"agent of change† hat and the â€Å"recipient of change† hat. Add to these challenges the fact that middle and front-line managers are critical to sustaining the day-to-day operations of the business and often feel overloaded with that task alone. You read "Challenges Facing Managers in Change Process" in category "Papers" This could lead to unprofessional management of stakeholders affected by change. Project teams, support functions (like communication, Human Resource, training and development groups) and senior leaders often only wear the â€Å"agent of change† hat, while front-line employees and those who ultimately adopt the change wear only the â€Å"recipient of change† hat. Managers and supervisors wear both hats and the result being that they have the most difficult role in times of change. Unfortunately, their duel role is often overlooked and neglected to the detriment of project and employee well-being. Workload and speed of change process becomes too big for the manager. Resistance to change is a very big challenge to managers, this is due to reasons like the proposed change ppearing to violate values/ethics or culture generally, the inertia may already exist in the system and change is not easily blended in, the proposed changes may represent uncertainty in different dimensions, there may also be a misunderstanding of proposed changes, fear of loss usually on the side of stake holders, threat of security of organizational members or employees in terms of their jobs, also when personal antagonism exists among group members, when there is lack of confidence in the change sponsor(s) or the change agent(s), lack of participation among team members, fa ilure to see the need for change, when timing is very poor, when there is a disruption of social relationships, at times the proposed change could also upset power balances, resistance may also be due to informal organizational pressure against the change, sometimes a belief that the change is a form of criticism about the way things have been done could cause resistance and sometimes there is a perception that benefits may result if there is a strong resistance to change. Resistance may be a very big challenge that the manager alone may not be able to handle alone. Sometimes managers delegate the whole responsibility to manage the change to employees and only expect to get progress reports from them; this usually may become a very big challenge if things do not go as planned or if the employee does not understand the whole change. The employee does not actually have a responsibility to manage change, the employee’s responsibility is to do their best, which is different for every person and depends on a wide variety of factors like health, maturity, stability, experience, personality, motivation, etc. Responsibility for managing change is with management and executives of the organization and they must manage the change in a way that employees can cope with it. The manager has a responsibility to facilitate and enable change, and all that is implied within that statement, especially to understand the situation from an objective standpoint which may mean to ‘step back’, and be non-judgemental, and then to help people understand reasons, aims, and ways of responding positively according to employees’ own situations and capabilities. Increasingly the manager’s role is to interpret, communicate and enable and not to instruct and impose, which nobody really responds to well. Some managers are misunderstood when they introduce change; this is also a challenge that might lead to conflict with employees. Using expressions like mindset change’, and ‘changing people’s mindsets’ or ‘changing attitudes’, often indicates a tendency towards imposed or enforced change and it implies strongly that the organization believes that its people currently have the ‘wrong’ mindset, whi ch is never the case. If people are not approaching their tasks or the organization effectively, then the organization has the wrong mindset, not the people. Change such as new structures, policies, targets, acquisitions, disposals, re-locations, etc. , all create new systems and environments, which need to be explained to people as early as possible, so that people’s involvement in validating and refining the changes themselves can be obtained. Management may lack the necessary training, empathy and facilitative capability which are priority areas since managers are crucial to the change process, it becomes a bigger challenge if managers merely convey and implement policies from above without knowing much about them and because people and teams need to be empowered to find their own solutions and responses, with facilitation and support from managers, and tolerance and compassion from the leaders and executives, management and leadership style and behaviour are more important than clever process and policy. Employees need to be able to trust the organization and it becomes the manager’s challenge to ensure there is trust between. Managers must agree and work with these ideas, or change is likely to be very painful, and the best people might be lost in the process. In some situations, when people are confronted with the need or opportunity to change, especially when it’s ‘enforced’, as they may see it, by the organization, they can become emotional and so can the managers who try to manage the change. This challenge may require diffusing the emotional feelings, taking a step back and encouraging objectivity, to enable sensible and constructive dialogue. This is the managers’ and trainers’ challenge to find a solution with help of analogies to assist themselves and other staff to look at change in a more detached way. Just as the state of ‘unconscious incompetence’, needs to be developed into ‘conscious competence’ to provide a basis for training, so is a person’s subjective emotion need to be developed into objectivity before beginning to help them handle change. Some managers are not patience and tolerant enough when managing change and yet it is a challenge where the manager is required to help people in these situations to see things differently, bit by bit. This sort of gradual staged change can be found everywhere in the living world. Strong resistance to change is often rooted in deeply conditioned or historically reinforced feelings that require a lot of patience and tolerance towards the people to whom change is being introduced to, the managers ought to have these qualities if they are to manage the change process effectively. It was discovered that people who easily welcome change are not generally the best at being able to work reliably, dependably and follow processes. The reliability/dependability capabilities are directly opposite character traits to mobility or adaptability capabilities. Managers may face the challenge of such people to ensure they can be reliable. Certain industries and disciplines have a high concentration of staff who need a strong reliability/dependability personality profile, for example, health services and nursing, administration, public sector and government departments, utilities and services; these sectors will tend to have many staff with character profiles who find change difficult and as a manager, to help them into change is your challenge. Age is another factor. Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory helps to understanding that people’s priorities and motivations are different depending on their stage of life. The manager needs to understand people’s needs, at different age levels to better be able to manage change, however, this can be a very big challenge for managers especially dealing with older people who are usually rigid and do not believe anything other than what they already know. People’s strengths and weaknesses differ and not everyone welcomes change. It requires time to understand the people you are dealing with, and how and why they feel like they do, before you take action, but the manager may not have that time especially if they are faced with such a rapidly changing world, where a delay might give competitors a chance to override and gain a very big competitive edge. This may be a challenge that requires high skill level and competence for the manager. Managers today have a challenge of fast changing environments where by planning, implementing and managing change in a fast-changing environment is increasingly the situation in which most organizations now work. Dynamic environments such as these require dynamic processes, people, systems and culture, especially for managing change successfully, effectively optimizing organizational response to market opportunities and threats. Some organizations may not have capacity to be dynamic due to different reasons and therefore managers face the bigger challenge. In his book, Change management, 2010, Prof. Dr. Olaf Passeheim identified a challenge due to technological changes today. The International and dynamic situation of the global market has created a big need for change, and this has created a challenge of deregulations which have increased the competitive pressure and minimized monopoly power. Managers today work in such very rapid environment where the organization itself might not be in a position to go with the pace, for example, telecommunication companies like MTN, if it does not have financial capacity to afford the required equipments and software that go with the trend or the required skills to operate them. In any case, the manager has to find a way, or lose the game, an impact that may last and could permanently damage the company. Economic ups and downs are a big challenge, they have such a huge impact on organizations and markets for example, the most recent financial crisis that led to cutbacks and reduced employment, managers face the challenge of neutralizing the situation and making necessary change decisions to cope with the situation. (Passeheim – Change Management 2010) Changes in an organization where workforce is never static for example due to changes in gender, age, education, in and out employees create challenges for managers to go with changes because there will always be a need to redesign work, jobs and working groups, to ensure matching job requirements and skills. High financial costs of replacing, upgrading or buying new equipments which the organization may not be in position to procure, this will delay change process for a cost restrictive business. New systems may also fail and the organization is forced to sell the new equipments at reduced prices, pay employees for redundancy or dismiss them with a package because computers replaced them, training that comes with a cost, managers may have to resist implementation of any changes to cut on the costs involved, a decision that might challenge his capacity as a manager. Lack of analysis of strategic and operative challenge in changing the organization, some managers might blindly decide to make changes without analyzing the weight it holds. Some managers consider strategic plans unimportant and in a way ignore what the operative system is like, changes that are not strategically planned may become disastrous as things are only done as they come, operations may be guess work and yet change is something to be handled with care. There may be some unprofessional use of methods in change process as a result. Insufficient problem awareness, if the manager is trying to go through a change process, but does not exactly know the current problems that may have led to the need for change, it will be a very big challenge for him to make the right and appropriate decisions to implement the changes. Insufficient communication in the organization, if departments and employees do not freely and regularly communicate and even the manager is not interactive enough with employees, yet they ought to know what goes on around, change might come as a surprise for many who may not know why it came, many might resist it or just follow blindly and this could greatly compromising quality. Lack of control by managers, it is a challenge if the manager does not have control over employees, operations, systems due to several factors like limitation from superiors or lack of control skills. In such situation, the manager will find it difficult to even bring about change in the organization. Managing through Change – MTD Training and ventus publishing 2010, suggests other challenges that managers are likely to face in the change process, these include thus: ?Key staff may leave Market place changes may make your new initiative more urgent or less important ?Budget cuts may put a freeze on resources that u are dependant upon for implementation of change ?Legal regulations or requirements might change requiring an adoption to your plan ?Consumer response may fail to meet expectations requiring to reconsider your choice ?Competitors may act in ways that require you to revisit your objectives or vision ?Unexpected technology barrier may arise ?Costs, time, requirements or staff hour requirements may begin to exceed estimates. As manager, facing the above discussed challenges, one may have to scale back, expand or abort the change and any expected outcomes. Flexible is an essential requirement if the company is to survive in a competitive world today. 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Tips on How To Write a Book guided by From Jerry

Tips on How To Write a Book guided by From Jerry Writing a book is an exciting but scary experience. Advice from the successfully published writer can be very helpful for any first-time author. Jerry Jenkins is a 21-time New York Times bestselling writer who published more than 190 books over the 40 years. Here is his 11-step guide on how to write, and most importantly, finish the book and publish it. Arrange your writing space The task of writing a book is monumental and the preparation is important. One of the steps is to invest your time into establishing your writing space. Real writers are capable of creating their masterpieces anywhere but still, designate the comfortable place where you find yourself to be in the most productive state. Make sure to equip your working place with a quality chair. Prepare writing tools If you prefer to write on a computer, try to get a really good one. In case you like to handwrite, you might need to have a lot of accessories. Notepads, paper clips, pencil sharpeners, printing paper are the tools that you might need to have on hand to avoid being interrupted during the creative process. Divide the process into small steps Writing a book is a massive project so when you break the whole process into small parts, the chances of completing the project will become much higher. Formulate the idea, which you are passionate about The idea needs to be big enough to excite you and those who you can share it with. It should be worthy of the entire book and not only a blog post or a brief article in the newspaper. Create an outline You must have a clear vision of where you’re heading no matter whether you write fiction or non-fiction material. The basic structure works as a safety net and it can be adjusted whenever you feel like the plot needs to be improved. Set up a strong writing schedule You are a writer and creative streak in your character might not correlate with the necessity to follow a regular writing pattern. However, if you want to progress with your book, you need to follow the defined routine and adjust your calendar accordingly. Ideally, at least six hours a week needs to be dedicated to writing. Determine a deadline It might be difficult to get anything done if such motivation as the deadline is not present in the writing process. You need to know exactly how many pages you are typically capable of producing. After analyzing this data, come up with a realistic deadline. Accept your procrastination Many writers are procrastinators and that’s normal. The secret in dealing with the issue is embracing it. The more you accept your inner procrastinator, the less you will be angry at yourself. As a result, you will have a higher probability of staying on track and continuing to write. Accept it and even try to schedule it. Eliminate distractions Staying focused is very important so if you are easily distracted, try to pinpoint things that divert your attention and do your best to eliminate them. Would you like the idea that you will keep writing your book for years? It is doubtful. Timewasters are not your friends. Be ruthless. Do the research It doesn’t matter if you write fiction or non-fiction, you need to gather all necessary data possible and get all the facts right. Whatever you write, it must be believable. One small mistake can undermine all your efforts and spoil your reputation of a credible writer. Don’t give up in the middle Most of those aspiring writers who fail to finish a book confess that they give up right when they reached the middle. For the majority of authors, this stage appears to be extremely difficult. They get bored and start procrastinating because it seems that there’s not enough of truly engaging stuff to include in the middle chapters. This may happen to both fiction and non-fiction writers. The advice is to do anything but quit. Get back to your initial outline and if necessary, change the plot or even add the subplot. Remember that if the whole writing process was easy, anyone could do it. You’ve started writing because at some point you decided that you have something important to say to the world. Keep this idea in mind and prove that you can be a bestselling author.

Compare & Contrast of North, South, and Mid Atlantic States essays

Compare & Contrast of North, South, and Mid Atlantic States essays Statement: The Northern, Mid Atlantic, and Southern regions evolved into three distinct societies, although they came from similar backgrounds. Assess the validity of this statement. In our early history, the Northern, Mid Atlantic, and Southern regions all had both become distinct from each other while at the same time shared similar views on religious, political, and economic ideas. All of these regions originated from people coming over from Europe. It seemed that the regions were both distinct and similar and that this statement is a mixed bag. The first factor that played a major role in the early society of the new world was Religion. In the North you had to be either a Puritan or Christian to be accepted in society. If you were against the beliefs of the Northern people, you were kicked out and sent away. This is what brought about the forming of Connecticut by Thomas Hooker and Rhode Island by Roger Williams, both who had been kicked out of Massachusetts due to their not believing in the Puritan lifestyle. These states were mainly inhabited by religious outcasts of Massachusetts. However, in the Mid Atlantic region, one was given more religious freedom. One could practice any Christian religion they wanted. The same was basically true in the South. The one thing all three regions shared was being against non-Christian religions. So it is obvious that religion in the North was distinct from the Mid Atlantic and South with its beliefs even though they all originated from similar backgrounds. This makes the statement pa rtially valid in that there was some distinction but not all three were distinct. Besides religion, political ideas also played a role in the evolution of the three regions. The North was a more politically structured region. It had the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This shows that it had an early set of rules that everyone had to abide by. The South was also coming along ...

Understanding the Palestine Liberation Organization

Understanding the Palestine Liberation Organization Since its creation in 1964, the PLO has gone through several make-oversfrom resistance organization to terrorist organization to quasi-occupying and governmental force (in Jordan and Lebanon) to close to irrelevance in the late 1990s in the Occupied Territories. What is it today and what power does it wield? The Palestine Liberation Organization was created on May 29, 1964, at a meeting of the Palestine National Congress in Jerusalem. The Congress meeting, the first in Jerusalem since the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, was held at the then-brand new Intercontinental Hotel. Its earliest leader was Ahmed Shukairy, a lawyer from Haifa. His leadership was quickly eclipsed by that of Yasser Arafat. Arab Duplicity in PLOs Creation The blueprint for the PLO was drawn by Arab states at an Arab League meeting in Cairo in January 1964. Arab states, especially Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq, were chiefly interested in channeling Palestinian nationalism in such a way that Palestinian refugees on their soil would not destabilize their regimes. The motive behind the creation of the PLO was therefore duplicitous from the start: Publicly, Arab nations averred solidarity with the Palestinian cause of reclaiming Israel. But strategically, the same nations, intent on keeping Palestinians on a short leash, funded and used the PLO as a means to control Palestinian militancy while using it for leverage in relations with the West and, in the 1980s and 1990s, with Israel. It wouldnt be until 1974 that the Arab League, meeting in Rabat, Morocco, officially recognized the PLO as the sole representative of the Palestinians. The PLO As a Resistance Organization When the 422 Palestinian delegates claiming to represent half a million refugees formed the PLO in Jerusalem in May 1964, they rejected any plans to resettle those refugees in host Arab nations and called for the elimination of Israel. They declared in an official comuniquà ©: Palestine is ours, ours, ours. We shall accept no substitute homeland. They also created the Palestine Liberation Army, or PLA, though its autonomy was always doubtful as it was part of the armies of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Again, those nations used the PLA both to control Palestinians and use Palestinian militants as leverage in their own proxy conflicts with Israel. The strategy was not successful. How Arafats PLO Came to Be The PLA conducted several attacks on Israel but never amounted to a major resistance organization. In 1967, in the Six Day War, Israel demolished the air forces of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan in a surprise, pre-emptive attack (following rising belligerence and threats from Egypts Gamal Abd el-Nasser) and took over the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights. Arab leaders were discredited. So was the PLA. The PLO immediately began developing a more militant tenor under the leadership of Yasser Arafat and his Fatah organization. One of Arafats earliest moves was to amend the Palestine National Councils charter in July 1968. He rejected Arab meddling in the PLOs affairs. And he made the liberation of Palestine and the establishment of a secular, democratic state for Arabs and Jews the twin goal of the PLO. Democratic means, however, were not part of PLO tactics. The PLO immediately became more effective than Arabs intended, and more bloody. In 1970 it attempted a take-over of Jordan, which led to its expulsion from that country in a short, bloody war that came to be known as Black September. The 1970s: The PLOs Terrorist Decade The PLO, under the leadership of Arafat Also recast itself as an outright terrorist organization. Among its most spectacular operations was the September 1970 hijacking of three jets, which it then blew up after freeing passengers, in front of television cameras to punish the United States for its support of Israel. Another was the murder of eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a German police officer during the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Germany. Following its expulsion from Jordan, the PLO established itself as a state-within-a-state in Lebanon, where it turned its refugee camps into armed fortresses and training camps used Lebanon as a launching pad for attacks on Israel or Israeli interests abroad. Paradoxically, it was also at the 1974 and 1977 Palestine National Council meetings that the PLO began moderating its ultimate goal by setting its statehood sights on the West Bank and Gaza rather than the whole of Palestine. In the early 198s, the PLO began edging toward recognition of Israels right to exist. 1982: The End of the PLO in Lebanon Israel expelled the PLO from Lebanon in 1982 in the culmination of Israels invasion of Lebanon that June. The PLO established its headquarters in Tunis, Tunisia (which Israel bombed in October 1985, killing 60 people). By the late 1980s, the PLO was directing the first intifada in the Palestinian territories. In a speech to the Palestine National Council on Nov. 14, 1988, Arafat recognized Israels right to exist by symbolically declaring the independence of Palestine while endorsing United Nations Security Council 242which calls for the withdrawal of Israeli troops to pre-1967 borders. Arafats declaration was an implicit endorsement of a two-state solution. The United States, led by a lame-duck Ronald Reagan at the time, and Israel, led by the hard-liner Yitzhak Shamir, scorned the declaration, and Arafat was himself discredited when he supported Saddam Hussein in the first Gulf War. The PLO, Oslo, and Hamas The PLO officially recognized Israel, and vice versa, as a result of the Oslo talks of 1993, which also established a framework for peace and a two-state solution. But Oslo never addressed two key issues: Israels illegal settlements in the Occupied Territories, and Palestinian refugees right of return. As Oslo failed, discrediting Arafat, a second Intifada exploded, this time led not by the PLO, but by a rising militant, Islamic organization: Hamas. Arafats power and prestige were further diminished by Israeli incursions into the West Bank and Gaza, including a siege of his own compound in the West Bank town of Ramallah. The PLOs fighters were to some extent incorporated into the Palestine Authoritys police force, while the authority itself took over diplomatic and administrative functions. Arafats death in 2004 and the Palestinian Authoritys decreasing influence over the Territories, compared with Hamas, further diminished the PLOs role as a significant player on the Palestinian scene.

The Tower of Pisa Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Tower of Pisa - Assignment Example Originally, it was believed that the famous ancient architecture and designer, Bonanno Pisano, was responsible for it. However, recent discoveries and deep studies tend to point at Diotisalvi as the true designer. This has been attributed to the fact that it was him who is responsible for other bell towers located across the city and the country at large. However, this belief seems to be countered by the fact that the structure does not bear Diotisalvi’s signature, something that is common in all towers designed by him. The tower took approximately two-three hundred years to be completed (Harris, Nd, pp. 1-3). The initial construction of the â€Å"tower of Pisa† began in 1173 AD, â€Å"after Donna Berta Di Bernardo, a widow resident of Pisa, donated sixty silver coins towards the local cathedral, to be used in the construction of a new bell tower base† (Soniak, 2011, p. 1). The construction work got underway, after the perfect location for the tower had been identified. It is worth taking note that the initial intention behind the building of this tower wasn’t for it to be tilted as it is structured today. The designers had intended for a perfectly vertical bell tower, but due to unforeseen circumstances, a terrible mistakeperhaps, the tower lives to be one of the most celebrated monuments in history. (Palestro, Nd, p. 1) During the construction of the tower, white marble stones were used as the main construction materials. These marbel stones were quarried from the mountains around the city of Pisa, and where transported to the site by the local citizens, who were the main source of labor for the construction (Krystek, 2012, p. 1). However, upon completion of its third floor in 1178, problems began to emerge. The constructors realized that the structure was slightly leaning towards the North West at an angle of 0.2 degrees. This was due

Marketing & Sales for Dreamworld theme park Assignment

Marketing & Sales for Dreamworld theme park - Assignment Example The Australia-based wildlife experience offers guests with an opportunity of cuddling the koalas, feeding kangaroos and drawing near to the crocodiles along with the Tiger Island being home to two cougars, eight Sumatran tigers and Bengal tigers charged with the duty to entertain guests alongside the trainers. Moreover, the company includes entertainment facilities like the Australia Animal Facility which takes place on a day-to-day routine therein (James Cook University of North Queensland & National Centre for Studies in Travel & Tourism, 1990). Furthermore, the company organizes for annual events like New Year’s Eve amp for adults and the ultimate single’s day often scheduled for February 13th every year. For a while, brand has proved to be a crucial tool in Dreamworld. For the past 5-8 years, the company has embraced strategies aimed at associating the company with brands with different appeals and capable of remaining relevant event in middle of varied demographic segments. To this end, the company has remained committed to improving its attractions and growing further whilst keeping up with the state of being a top-edge draws within the big Gold Coast. From 1981, the company has been able to develop individualized customer experiences by integrating products and customer initiatives in order to benefit both local and international guests (Australian Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference& Australia, 1990). Besides, the company offers support to local cultures and communities by sponsoring and taking part in charity organizations. The two cases present opportunities that Dreamworld could use to channel promotional messages to its target clients in order to increase its customer base along with the revenue stream (Parsons, 2002). Also, the Company has more opportunities to improve its target customers. More specifically, the company should diversify its customer base to encompass

Prefabricated Components in Warehouse Buildings

Prefabricated Components in Warehouse Buildings The Malaysian construction industry is undergoing changes from an industry which employs conventional method to a mechanized and systematic system which utilizes the latest technologies. Prefabrication technology is a new construction method in the construction industry. This is vital for the future growth of the industry, given the trend towards global competition. Prefabricated systems have been introduced in Malaysia by the application of pre-cast concrete in beam-column elements. Since the demand of building construction has increased widely, it is necessary to improve the construction method, which fasten up the building construction process. Various types of building system are available in Malaysia. In general, IBS is a methodology which drives local construction industry towards the adoption of an integrated and encourages the application in the construction industry to produce and utilize pre-fabricated components of the building at work sites. Efficiency of construction process will be enhance, thus allowing a higher productivity, time, quality and cost efficiency (Abdullah et al, 1998). The advantage of using prefabricated system in industrial building is derived from a piece-by-piece model approach, wherein standardization plays a significant role in achieving economies of scope from the many variations allowed. This is a specific implementation of prefabrication; the distinction being that the structures follow an assembly, disassembly, part replacement, re-assembly sequence as required during their lifecycle (A. Abdallah, 2007). Prefabrication is the assembling components that made in a factory or manufacturing before deliver the components to the construction site. After completed the selected components in factory, the components will transported to the construction site where the structure is located. Prefabrication systems which introduce by Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) were succeeded and applied the prefabricated technology into the construction industry. Prefabrication is define as the structure construct with minimal additional site work which the components are produce in factory, assembled and position to form the structure (CIDB, 2003). 1.3 Aim A study into the usage of prefabricated components in warehouse buildings throughout the past 10 years. 1.4 Research Question Is there an increase of the usage of prefabricated components in the past 10 years? What are the problems facing in prefabricated components for the usage in warehouse buildings? How does the usage of prefabricated components that give benefits to warehouse buildings, does it reduce the construction time and construction cost? 1.5 Objective To evaluate the problem of prefabricated components usage in warehouse buildings. To investigate the aspects of prefabricated components for warehouse buildings. To investigate the level of acceptance in the usage of prefabricated components in warehouse buildings. 1.6 Scope of study This research is basically covers the scope of the usage of prefabricated components in warehouse buildings. The efficiency of prefabricated components is measured by the time and cost efficiency. Furthermore, the usage of prefabrication components will be investigated to study the efficiency. Last but not least, prefabricated components manufacturer will be interview to analyze more detail and accurate data to the efficiency of the usage of prefabrication components. To understand the usage of prefabricated components and the level of application in the construction industry. Research will cover on the efficiency of prefabrication components. Besides that, analyzing the time and cost efficiency of prefabrication components usage in a construction projects. Other than that, this research may take a comparison between prefabricated components system and other types of building construction systems. Data analysis will be carried out for the comparison. 1.7 Problem Statement With the ongoing construction trend in Malaysia, that is still very comfortably using labour intensive and low technology methods of construction such, this has initially lead towards low productivity and inefficiency of work at construction site. The highly dependency on conventional building system and unskilled foreign workers has definitely contributed to low productivity of work, although they may be cheap, but they are not efficient and cause high wastage. The quality of work has also been terribly affected due to unskilled working method that causes delay in construction projects. After completion of works, defects, structural failures and design inadequacies are some of the tell-tale sign of the current construction scenario that will always occur. In the end, these will lead to decreased in quality and waste of time in construction projects. Since the demand of building construction has increased rapidly, it is necessary to innovate the construction method, which speeds up the building construction process. In general, prefabricated system that will reduce in construction time and cost, for instance, time is money. But prefabricated system is not always applied in the construction projects, conventional construction method are still preferable in the construction industry. Without understanding the benefits of prefabricated system, it included different types of components that can be used during a construction projects. Adoption of prefabricated system in construction industry is to produce and utilize pre-fabricated and mass production of the building at their work sites. This will help to enhance the efficiency of construction process, thus allowing a higher productivity, quality, time and cost saving. Although the prefabricated systems has promised to solve and improved the current construction method and scenario in Malaysia, but the this method has been low in gaining popularity, partly due to lack of awareness and coordination among the relevant parties. This will also lead to the low popularity of the usage of prefabrication components. Performance and quality in construction will be improved that the obligation of implementing Industrialized Building System, as well as to minimize dependency on unskilled foreign labours in construction site (Kamar; Adbul Hamid; Ghani and Rahim, 2007). In conclusion, it is hoped that the prefabricated technology can bring out the tremendous potential towards productivity improvement as it encompasses aspects of standardization, highly controlled and quality pre-fabrication components which complements the various programs to increase productivity and quality control through the adoption of prefabricated systems which can lead to the increase productivity of prefabricated components. 1.8 Research Methodology The research methodology included the qualitative and quantitative research. A qualitative research is subjective in nature and it emphasizes meanings, experiences, description and so on. The qualitative research is applying in the survey for which have an attitude scale and measurement. For the quantitative research, it is objective in nature and it defined as an inquiry into a social or human problem which is based on testing a hypothesis or a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers, and analyzed with statistical procedures, in order to determine whether the hypothesis or the theory hold true. A primary data collected can be variable because it is obtained from different respondents. The case study is used when researcher is required to support the arguments and hypothesis. The results commonly are obtained from an analysis of person, a group of person or a particular project. Those examples of primary data collection such as interview, survey and case study. Secondary data is the data collected using desk study approach that is called secondary data because this data commonly obtained from other sources (Naoum, 1998). This data can be collected from other resources such as institution which the data are not stored in the library. Other examples are such as books, articles and journals which are published online and book store. An interview is a process of face to face discussion among the researcher and the related parties who is able to provide data and information to researcher. Such parties can be the professional person, manufacturer, developer and others. The best way of conducting an interview is able to obtain the data accurately and information which supported strongly that are raised up by the researcher. Whereas, the case study is a process of inspection and investigation that is carried out by the researcher in a place that are able to gain data and information to the researcher. Besides that, a case study that are conducted will be able to obtain the results and information accurately and conduct survey successfully. 2.1 Introduction Since the demand of building construction has increased widely, prefabricated systems have been introduced in the construction industry. The construction method has to be innovated, which will speeds up the building construction process. Prefabrication System which introduced in Industrialized Building System (IBS) that will reduce in construction time and cost, thus the quality of work will be improved by using this system. The advantages of using prefabrication system in industrial building are derived from a piece by piece model approach (A. Abdallah, 2007). The choice of prefabricated components comes from the primary requirement to use automation tools both in the factory and on site. Efficiency of construction process will be enhance, thus allowing a higher productivity, quality, time and cost efficiency. However, the challenges often occur in the efficiency of work, quality of work, are of productivity and the delivery of work. The construction industry is still applying labour intensive and low technology methods for construction which initially lead towards low productivity and inefficiency of work at construction site. The intensive use of foreign unskilled workers and low technology equipment has eventually affected the quality of work which results in defects, structural failures and design inadequacies of the construction projects. As a result, this has lead to unproductive practices and initially contributes to the late delivery of work. Therefore, a new system must be replaced which has better advantages in terms of improving productivity, indoor quality, improvement of work durability and efficiency and overall cost reduction. The Prefabrication System which introduced in IBS with the promise of improving productivity rate and lowering construction costs are able to implement in the construction industry. In other word, the awareness of current trends and latest construction technology and innovation is essential. This is a system  which the building components are prefabricated in factory or at site, with the usage of minimum in-situ construction to assembled and form the structure (Trikha, 1999). In short, Prefabrication System which introduced in IBS is a construction method that offers economization of design, site work and materials, provides shorter construction time, saving in labour, better quality control, immunity to weather changes and the most importantly, the cost factor. It has been proven successful in some countries, namely Singapore, England, and the United States (CIDB, 1998). In Malaysia, the shorter construction time offered by IBS seems to be the panacea for the housing demand in Malaysia. It is hoped that the widespread understanding on the prefabrication system can further help to develop and promote prefabricated system as an innovative construction method in Malaysia. 2.1.1 Definition of Prefabrication System Prefabricated system which introduce in industrialized building system can be defined in which building components are mass produced in factory or at site under minimal wet site activities and strict quality control. With the objective of maximizing production output, minimizing labour resource and improving quality which the process is an investment in facilities, equipment and technology. Building system is also defined as a various interconnected element that assembled together to enable the designated performance of a building (Warswaski, 1999). Prefabrication system that produce building components either in factory or at site with the specification of dimension and standard size which will be transported to the construction site and assemble to form a building (Chung Kadir, 2007). The structure that is construct using a technique in which the components are manufactured in a controlled environment, positioned, transported and assembled with the usage of minimal additional site works (CIDB, 2003). Prefabricating system generally follow an industrial production procedure that takes place in prefabricated plant. Thus high quality of building components can be reliably obtained under a more controlled production environment. Since standard sizes are commonly produced in prefabricating concrete, the repetitive use of formwork permits a speedy production of components at a lower unit cost. These forms and plant finishing procedures provide a better surface quality than it is usually obtained under field conditions. Prefabricated components may be assembled much more faster than conventional cast in-situ components, thereby reducing in construction time. The prefabricating process is also sufficiently adaptable, thus special shapes can be produced economically (Ahmed Abdallah, 2007). Prefabrication can be defined as a manufacturing process, generally taking place at a specialized facility, in which various materials are joined to form a component part of a final installation (Tatum, 1987). These prefabricated components often only involve the work of a single craft. Any component that is manufactured offsite and is not a complete system can be considered to be prefabricated. Quality control and minimal on site activities can be achieved which the building components are produced either in factory or at site (Trikha, 1999). The prefabricated system includes the industrialized process by which building components are fabricated, planned, transported and assembled on site (Junid, 1986). According to CIDB (2009), building system in which structural components are manufacture in factory, on site or off site, assembled and transported with minimal additional site works to form a structure. Prefabricated system also defined as construction system which built using prefabricated components by mechanical equipment, formwork and etc that delivered to construction site for erection and assembly after it is complete manufacture in factory (Abdul Rahman and Omar, 2006). Parid Wardi (1997) asserted prefabricated system which uses industrialized production techniques either in the components that is produced or assembly of building. The definition of prefabrication system is varies depending on IBS. Several authors may define the system as process or as techniques. The following table below (refer to Figure 1) is highlights the categories of definition. Besides, there are ontology position either can be terms as a approaches, products, innovation, improvements, modernization and new technology. The issue has been discussed in construction industry since the industrial revolution change the ways of human living and economic activities. Since the concept of improvement and quality take place in industry, the invention and innovation become significant to industry. 2.2 Aspects of Prefabricated Components The CIDB has put more efforts to encourage all of the construction company to utilize the prefabricated systems as new development method in order to improve buildings quality and enhance labours performance. Since the utilization of prefabricated systems is low in construction industry, advance research and improvement should be carry out to enhance and promote a valuable aspects of prefabricated systems (CIDB, 2003; CIDB, 2007). It is encourage using prefabricated systems as a construction method in the construction industry. Since prefabricated systems provide numerous aspects such as reduction of unskilled labours, less wastage, less volume of site materials, increased environmental and construction site cleanliness and better quality control (IBS Digest, 2009). Besides, the aspects of prefabricated systems can be discussed in term of time, cost and quality in construction industry. Faster completion of construction project can be achieved due to the usage of standardized prefabricated components and simplified installation process (IBS Roadmap, 2003-2010). Therefore, duration of construction period is able to reduced and saved due to speedy construction and installation. Usage of prefabricated systems is able to achieve a lower construction costs due to the reduction of construction waste and prefabricated building components from manufacturers. It is able to reduce construction waste as the building components are fabricated off-site and assembled on-site with minimum labour usage. Concurrently activities are obtained when the prefabricated components are manufacture off-site while other construction work can be conduct in construction site. Hence, the usage of prefabricated systems is able to speed up the construction work in the term of time. With the utilization of prefabricated systems, a better quality control can be achieved and produce a higher quality of construction. The dependency on foreign labours will be diminishing due to the requirement of specialist skilled labours during installation of prefabricated components (IBS Roadmap, 2003-2010). In the prefabricated systems application, the construction time and cost can be reduced by the usage of prefabricated components as the components are manufactured off-site and be delivered to construction site for assembling. Reduce on the usage of foreign labour can be achieve due to the requirement of specialist skilled labour for the installation. Hence, a higher quality and improvement in performance of construction can be achieved. 2.2.1 Characteristic of Prefabricated Components The overall cost for a construction project that uses offsite work can be less than a traditionally stick-built undertaking in current construction industry. This can be caused by a variety of factors in the usage of prefabricated components. The labour for onsite work may be reduced due to the requirement of specialist skilled labours during the installation of the building components (Carl et al, 2000). Severe onsite conditions and weather problems can lead to construction delays, onsite interference and worker congestion can be avoided, increasing productivity and lowering costs of construction project. The onsite construction duration can be substantially shortened through the usage of prefabricated components. Other project works can be completed before going to the site and this will lead to construction schedule decreased. Overall project safety can be improved through the usage of prefabricated components in the construction project. Prefabricated components were installed piece by piece with minimum used of labours, while conventional method needs more labours in order to complete the construction cycle for example, formwork fabrication and formwork installation, reinforcement bar fabrication and reinforcement bar installation and etc (Indra Gunawan, 2005). Prefabricated components that manufacture offsite will improve in quality. Controlled factory and production conditions and repetitive and activities, along with automated machinery can lead to a higher level of quality that can be achieved onsite. Usage of prefabricated components can potentially decrease environmental impact of the project that is partly due to reduced onsite construction duration and a decrease in the usage of labour requirements. The common characteristics of prefabricated components are: Cost efficiency Time saving Higher Productivity Reduce remittance by foreign worker Quality control Reduce waste of construction material 2.2.1.1 Cost Efficiency Usage of prefabricated components will result in cost savings due to a greater productivity and less wastage of materials during the production of the building components which manufacture offsite and deliver to site for assembling. Besides, prefabrication components also can reduce construction cost in site supervision which most of the output are similar, skilled labour required on-site for installation, wastage of materials, formworks, scaffolding, and etc. The usage of system formwork made up of aluminum, steel, scaffolding and etc will provides a considerable cost savings (Bing et al, 2001). 2.2.1.2 Time Saving Usage of prefabricated components reduced the construction duration in which most of the products and components are completed offsite in factory before deliver to site. Besides, it can reduce the duration of construction work onsite that conduct by labours. Prefabricated components for on-site construction and off-site assembly can perform as parallel activities, which the operations are not affected by the weather condition. Prefabricated components are standardized and the installation procedures are simplified. Therefore, the usage of prefabricated components will result in reduce of construction time. Prefabricated system which give faster construction time because of the construction element that manufactured in factory and foundation work can occur at site in the same time. This provides earlier occupation of the building, thus reducing interest payment or capital outlays (Peng, 1986). 2.2.1.3 Higher Productivity Prefabricated components that produce in factory or manufacture offsite are more productivity compare with the conventional construction method. The components are assembly on-site which result in better productivity. In addition, it is also convenience for site management and site inspection for the prefabricated method which the components are installed on the construction site. Hence, it will reduce in construction time as well as reduced the wastage of materials. Local construction industry is driven towards the adoption of an integrated in the construction industry to produce and utilize prefabricated components of the building at the work sites. This will help to enhance the efficiency of construction process, allowing a higher productivity, time, quality and cost efficiency (CIDB, 2004). 2.2.1.4 Reduce Remittance by foreign worker In Malaysia, the conventional construction method is highly dependency on the unskilled foreign labours that are easily to employ from the neighbor countries such as Indonesia, Philippine, Vietnam and Myanmar. The utilization of prefabricated systems can reduce the dependency on foreign labours especially the semi skilled and the unskilled labours due to simplified construction method at the construction site. The lesser labours involved in the construction will result in shorter duration of construction time. The prefabricated components are usually standardize prefabricated in factory or off-site and delivered to the construction site for assembly, construction time will be reduce by using this method compare with the conventional cast in-situ method. The Government aimed to achieve 100 percent usage of IBS and to reduce to 15 percent or approximately 50,000 of foreign workers in the construction industry by 2010. With the current foreign workers totaling 227,000, the remittances of foreign workers amounted to about 7.5 billion. It is expected that the Government would be able to reduce the remittances with the full implementation of IBS (Bernama.com, 2006). According to the IBS Digest (April June, 2005), a comparative productivity study has been conduct between projects that built using precast technology and conventional method. Three project sites are studied which two using precast technology and one using conventional construction method. Prefabricated or precast structural components were installed piece by piece with minimum used of labours, while using conventional method required more labours in order to complete the construction cycle, for example formwork prefabrication and formwork installation, reinforcement bar fabrication and reinforcement bar installation, concrete placement and formwork dismantle (Indra Gunawan, 2005). 2.2.1.5 Quality Control Better performance and component fit between parts for prefabricated system, which the components required more accurate profile and dimension of components that manufacture in factory. Prefabricated components that manufactured in factory can easily be control and monitor in factory for critical factors such as temperature, stripping time, and etc. Quality is the main factors in prefabricated system, the components that are manufacture off-site are better in quality control. A Quality Assurance Department is to ensure that there is a complete quality procedure and maintained regularly will be well set-up by manufacturer to ensure strict compliance throughout the manufacturing processes (NSL Eastern Pretech, 2005). It is much easier to control the quality in the prefabrication factory compare with casting at site. Prefabricated components which produced higher quality of components attainable through specific selection and the use of advance technology with strict quality assurance control (Din, 1984). 2.2.1.6 Reduce Wastage of Construction Material Prefabricated components that are prefabricated in factory or off-site will reduce the wastage of construction material and this will provide a safety working platform for the workers in construction site due to the reduction of construction debris, site worker and materials. Fewer mistakes, misalignments and deviations will be made by applying prefabricated system in construction industry, this will result in less waste reduces costs spend on materials, handling, dumpster and etc. With the reduction of construction material wastage, this will lead to the decrease in overall construction cost. IBS components offer minimal wastage, because the components such as precast columns were being prefabricated off-site. The entire component has been manufactured on the required sizes. Besides, the repetitive use of the construction material, for example, steel system formwork provides considerable are cost savings (Bing et al, 2001; Thanoon et al, 2003). Higher degree of precision and accuracy in the production of prefabricated components with the utilization of machine will lead to reduction of material wastage (CIDB, 2003). 2.3 Types of Prefabricated Components usage in Warehouse Buildings The composite construction method and fully prefabricated construction method was adopting into current IBS construction projects. The concept of partial industrialized system is derived from the composite nature of full industrialization, and is used to describe a manufacturing strategy that selectively uses some industrializing aspects (Nurul A.H. et al, 2005). Nurul A.H. et al (2005) also stated that, the fully prefabricated construction method will involve on the manufacture, assembly and connect concept. All of the designed fabrication components of the building will be manufacture off-site, assembly off-site and be delivered to the stated site on planned period. Both of the type of construction method is specifically aimed to increase productivity and quality of work. There are various types of prefabricated components that has been designed and manufacturer for construction project. There are factors that need to be considering on the adoption of the prefabricated components in the usage of warehouse buildings. The components which are commonly used in local warehouse buildings construction are: Steel framing systems Panel system 2.3.1 Steel Framing Systems Frame system may be defined as the structures that carry the loads through their beams and girders to column and finally to footing or pilecap. In such system, the skeletal structures will help to reduce the number and sizes of load carrying members. The important feature is the capacity to transfer heavy loads over large spans. Therefore, it is used in the construction of bridges, parking lots, warehouses, industrial buildings and etc (Junid, 1986). Frame system is a system that use beam and column as the main structure member due to the function that support all of the building weight. The walls have to be light for easy installation to support the building (Badir et al, 1998). In the development of construction industry, the usage of light steel trusses increased due to cost effective which profiled steel portal frame and cold-formed channels system as alternative choice for traditional hot-rolled sections. It is commonly used with precast concrete slab, steels columns and beams. Steel framing systems have always been the popular choice that used widely in the construction of skyscrapers (CIDB, 2003). The framing system is prefabricated in factory and delivery to the site with stated schedule. It is erected to the final location by using machinery, such as mobile crane and be join by special bolts, plates and welded with the structure. The products of steel framing systems (refer to Figure 2) are included steel beams and columns, portal frame, roof trusses and etc (IBS Survey, 2003). These systems especially steel beams and columns are commonly used in construction industry in order to speed up the construction works. 2.3.2 Panels system Panel system may be defined as the structures that carry load through large floor and wall panels (Junid, 1986). This system probabaly would be the most widely used prefabricated system which employed planar or panel-shaped elements for floor slabs, vertical supports, partitions and exterior wall. Depending on the scale of projects, some panels may be fabricated at site for easy transportation. Other panel systems available are such as wood, plastic, light weight metal and ferrocement materials. In panel system, loads are distributed through large floor and wall panels where walls support the building weight. This system is applicable to building which functionally require a large number of walls such as apartment house, hotel and hospital. This system is not applicable to buildings with large spans or many stories (Badir et al, 1998). According to Junid (1986), panel system may be defined as those structures that carry the load through large floor and wall panels. The panels can be made in various forms and materials and are normally prefabricated at factory. Concrete panel systems are extensively used in Europe for high rise building for ease of construction purpose. In Malaysia, this system is slowly gaining popularity in terms of low rise buildings. The products of steel wall panels (refer to Figure 3) are included lightweight steel wall panel, metal wall panel and etc. There are another different concept in classifying the building (refer to Figure 4) that the components shold be used as a basis for building classification hot-rolled steel sections which consists of frame system, panel system and box system (Majzub, 1977). 2.4 Issues of Prefabricated Components usage in warehouse buildings The adoption of prefabricated system which introduced in industrialized building system is still very low in construction industry. Particularly, there are issues regarding to the usage of prefabricated components in warehouse buildings. The implementation of prefabrication system in loca